Adam Back Rejects Satoshi Nakamoto as Bitcoin’s Final Word

A December 2009 post predicted Moore's Law would soon outgrow the chain. That rule of thumb holds that computing power roughly doubles every two years.

Consequently, advocates argue, the design always assumed rising capacity.

Back answered with one word. He wrote "no," then explained why the archive cuts both ways.

Why Back Wants First Principles Instead

Back traces those Satoshi Bitcoin quotes to a defensive exchange with critic James A. Donald, who argued in 2008 that the design would never scale. Satoshi's answer that November pointed away from bigger blocks entirely.

"as the network grows beyond a certain point, it would be left more and more to specialists with server farms of specialized hardware"

There sits the contradiction. One Satoshi tells users the chain can simply grow, while another hands the load to specialists and lightweight clients.

The Moore's Law claim aged worse still. Satoshi expected download times to peak within eight months, yet the chain kept outrunning hardware. It now spans about 744 gigabytes.

Back reads those later remarks as an early case for second layers, which settle payments off-chain.

The Blockstream founder has spent 2026 attacking similar appeals to authority. In July, he ridiculed the BIP-110 fork fight, a failed push to rewrite consensus rules through miner signaling.

He later called the case for lifting Bitcoin's 21 million cap a trap. Back has also argued that Bitcoin was discovered, not invented, weakening any author's claim to the roadmap.

Meanwhile, the market offers little comfort. Bitcoin (BTC) trades near $64,168, roughly 49% below the record of $126,080 set in October 2025.

The argument resurfaces because both sides need Satoshi. Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong recently claimed stablecoins, not Bitcoin, delivered Satoshi's payments vision.