Human–artificial intelligence collaboration for comanaging epilepsy in real time

Study design

This prospective, single-center observational study developed and evaluated a real-time patient–data interface in a level 4 EMU at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. The study was approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board (protocol 849276) and written informed consent was obtained from all participants before any study procedure. We recruited patients admitted to the EMU for seizure characterization as part of clinical management or presurgical evaluation. Enrollment was reported during the clinical admission and coincided with the duration of continuous video-EEG monitoring, without altering standard-of-care monitoring or treatment. Because this proof-of-concept platform was intended to demonstrate per-patient feasibility rather than a population-level effect, we prespecified a target of 10–15 EMU patients based on feasibility and patient availability during the study period, rather than by a formal power calculation. Participant sex, race and ethnicity were self-reported and are summarized in Table 1. Sex and gender were not used as variables in the study design and the study was not powered for sex-based or gender-based analyses.