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抢在硬件成熟前:机构如何占据量子技术领先地位

抢在硬件成熟前:机构如何占据量子技术领先地位 Federal News Network

Federal News Network

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Aug 25, 2026 at 7:50 PM UTC · Updated 1 分钟前 · 5 分钟阅读

抢在硬件成熟前:机构如何占据量子技术领先地位
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硬件就绪前的准备:机构如何走在量子曲线的前面

机构现在就应该为自己的任务开展类似的工作,无论硬件最终结果如何。

Rut Lineswala

2026年8月25日 3:47 pm

5 分钟阅读

联邦机构在量子计算方面正蓄势待发,且这项工作的范围非常周全。空军研究实验室和海军研究实验室最近在 2023 年签署了一份合作协议,旨在交流技术专长并就国防部的量子计算能力开展协作,这是探索量子加速建模和仿真如何支持航空航天及国防任务的几项努力之一。白宫六月发布的行政命令指示商务部、国防部和能源部部长以及 NASA 局长制定部署量子传感器和网络的五年计划。国防高级研究计划局 (DARPA) 的量子基准测试计划 (Quantum Benchmarking Initiative)已将十几家公司纳入阶段性评估,以确定到 2033 年是否能出现真正有用的量子计算机。几乎从衡量任何标准来看,政府都将量子技术视为一项值得深耕的严肃、长期的优先任务。

现在的机会是确保这种势头转化为任务能力,而不仅仅是实验。

从势头到任务能力

政府问责局 (GAO)在今年早些时候为此提供了一个建设性的数据点。在检查了多个机构每年约 2 亿美元的联邦量子计算支出报告中,GAO 指出,国家量子计划 (National Quantum Initiative) 的实施战略有机会更明确地分配角色和职责,建立绩效衡量标准,并将各个机构的计划整合为一个连贯的整体。换句话说,各机构已经完成了困难的部分,即进行严格的实验。下一步是构建连接组织,将这些实验转化为可供采购的计划。

这是一个可以解决的问题,而且各机构处于解决该问题的有利位置,尤其是如果他们现在就开始定义特定任务的问题,而不是等待单一硬件里程碑的到来。

停止等待硬件,开始定义问题

可以理解的是,许多机构内部的直觉是推迟采购决策,直到量子硬件达到某个阈值,例如容错性、大规模纠错或任何碰巧出现的里程碑。这种直觉在顺序上是颠倒的。DARPA 自己的基准测试框架评估十年内是否会出现“工业上实用”的量子计算机,它并非从硬件开始。它首先询问在值得付费之前,计算需要达到什么样子。机构现在就应该为自己的任务开展类似的工作,无论硬件最终结果如何。

这意味着国防部计划办公室、NASA 任务主管及其承包商基础需要明确哪些任务问题受到计算瓶颈的限制,从而量子或量子辅助方法可能真正解决这些问题。不是将“量子计算”作为一个类别。而是一个明确的问题,一个明确的不解决它的成本,以及一个需要超越的明确经典基准。

量子应用就绪框架

各机构已经拥有硬件成熟度的技术就绪水平。目前缺少的是应用就绪的等效框架,即针对特定数据的特定用例是否足够成熟,足以证明采购决策的合理性,而不仅仅是另一个由赠款资助的试点项目。在我们自己与国家国防研究实验室合作开展量子加速工程仿真的工作中,事实证明有四个问题对于区分真正的进展与无果而终的试点非常有用。

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